Is Anna and the King (or The King and I) a True Story

How much of the story from The King and I and Anna and the King is an accurate biography of Anna Leonowens and the court of King Mongkut?  Does popular culture accurately represent the historical reality of this womans life story, or of the kingdom of Thailands history? Twentieth Century Popularity Anna and the King, the 1999 version of the story of Anna Leonowens six years at the Court of Siam, is, like the 1956  movie musical and stage musical, both titled  The King and I, based on a 1944 novel, Anna and the King of Siam. Jodie Foster stars in this version of Anna Leonowens.  A 1946 movie  Anna and the King of Siam, also based on the 1944 novel,  arguably had less impact than the latter popular versions of Anna Leonowens time in Thailand but was still part of the evolution of this work. The 1944 novel by Margaret Landon was subtitled The Famous True Story of a Splendid Wicked Oriental Court.  The subtitle is clearly in the tradition of whats come to be known as orientalism — the depiction of Eastern cultures, including Asian, South Asian and Middle Eastern, as exotic, undeveloped, irrational and primitive.  (Orientalism is a form of essentialism: ascribing characteristics to a culture and assuming that they are part of the static essence of that people, rather than a culture that evolves.) The King and I, a musical version of the story of Anna Leonowens, written by composer Richard Rodgers and dramatist Oscar Hammerstein, had its premiere on Broadway in March of 1951. The musical was adapted for a 1956 film. Yul Brynner played the role of King Mongkut of Siam in both versions, earning him both a Tony and an Academy Award.   It is probably not accidental that the newer versions of this, from the 1944 novel to the later stage productions and movies, came when the relationship between the west and the east was of high interest in the west, as World War II ended and western images of what the East represented might reinforce ideas of western superiority and the importance of western influence in advancing Asian cultures. The musicals, in particular, came at a time when Americas interest in Southeast Asia was increasing.  Some have suggested that the underlying theme — a primitive Eastern kingdom confronted by and literally schooled by a more rational, reasonable, educated West — helped lay the groundwork for Americas growing involvement in Vietnam. Nineteenth-Century Popularity That 1944 novel, in turn, is based on the reminiscences of Anna Leonowens herself. A widow with two children, she wrote that she had served as governess or tutor to the sixty-four children of King Rama IV or King Mongkut. Upon returning to the West (first the United States, later Canada), Leonowens, as had many women before her, turned to writing to support herself and her children. In 1870, less than three years after leaving Thailand, she published The English Governess at the Siamese Court. Its immediate reception encouraged her to write a second volume of stories of her time in Siam, published in 1872 as The Romance of the Harem — clearly, even in the title, drawing on the sense of the exotic and sensational which had captivated the reading public. Her criticism of slavery led to her popularity especially in New England among those circles that had supported abolitionism in America. Inaccuracies The 1999 movie version of Anna Leonowens service in Thailand, calling itself a true story, was denounced for its inaccuracies by the government of Thailand. Thats not new, though. When Leonowens published her first book, the King of Siam responded, through his secretary, with the statement that she has supplied by her invention that which is deficient in her memory. Anna Leonowens, in her autobiographical works, included details of her life and what was happening around her, many of which historians now believe were untrue.  For example, historians believe that she was born in India in 1831, not Wales in 1834.  She was hired to teach English, not as a governess.  She included a story of a consort and monk being publicly tortured and then burned, but no one else, including many foreign residents of Bangkok, told of such an incident. Controversial from the start, this story nevertheless continues to thrive: contrasting old and new, East and West, patriarchy with womens rights, freedom and slavery, fact mixed with exaggeration or even fiction. How to Learn More About Anna Leonowens If you want more in-depth information about the differences between the story of Anna Leonowens as told either in her own memoirs or in the fictional depictions of her life in Thailand, several authors have dug through the evidence to make the case both for her exaggerations and misrepresentations, and the interesting and unusual life that she did live. Alfred Habeggers 2014 scholarly study Masked: The Life of Anna Leonowens, Schoolmistress at the Court of Siam  (published by the University of Wisconsin Press) is probably the best researched.  Susan Morgans 2008 biography  Bombay Anna: The Real Story and Remarkable Adventures of the King and I Governess  also includes considerable research and an engaging story.  Both accounts also include the story of more recent popular depictions of the story of Anna Leonowens, and how those depictions fit in with political and cultural trends.

Analysis Of Salinger s The Catcher Rye - 972 Words

Written in 1951, J.D. Salinger’s, The Catcher in the Rye continues to be a popular book amongst Americans. Although The Catcher in the Rye has been banned in many public school settings in the United States it continues to stay atop some of the greatest books of all time lists. Whether people are in their teens or in their fifties they find themselves drawn to Holden Caulfield. At some point in their life they could relate to a sense of alienation, caused by money and wealth. Humans are wired to be jealous and want what others have. Holden Caulfield has the opposite problem, he has money and wealth which he inherited from his hard working parents. However, he himself is not motivated to work hard, graduate prep school and earn his own wealth. Instead he despises hard working students at the many prep schools he drops out of. Holden also has a big number of family complications. An area to explore is how wealth can contribute to feelings of alienation and despair. Holden Caulfi eld has a complex relationship with money, not wanting to associate from it, but benefiting from it. A further look into the 1950’s may give an insight into the troubled mind of Holden Caulfield. Holden lived in a time of rebound and, for many Americans, a time of anxiety, that being the 1950’s. With World War II just coming to an end a new challenge was brought to the plate of the United States of America. This challenge being the Cold War. Fears of the idea of Communism, and a war fought with deadlyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Salinger s The Catcher Rye 3756 Words   |  16 PagesSummer Reading-TASIS 2014 Rising 9th Grade Mainstream English The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger and Fahrenheit 541 by Ray Bradbury Please write a typed or handwritten response (200 words each in the language relevant to your course) to each of the following prompts on each of the works assigned for the course(s) you will be taking in 2014-2015: The Catcher in the Rye Initial Understanding: What are your thoughts and questions about the story? You might reflect upon characters, theirRead MoreAn Analysis Of Salinger s The Catcher Rye 1106 Words   |  5 PagesAdrianna Leal Ms. Allie English 6 October 2017 Learn from life and move forward In the novel, The Catcher in the Rye, Salinger uses many symbols and themes as a way to protect Holden from adulthood, his individuality, and childhood. While in high school, Holden seems to struggle with his school work and with his outlook on life. As many obstacles come his way, his main self battle would be having to grow up, become mature, and enter adulthood with excitement and confidence. Holden often usesRead MoreAnalysis Of Salinger s The Catcher Rye 1074 Words   |  5 PagesJournal Responses Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye has been pronounced a literary classic for its atypical portrayal of adolescence, to effectively convey the protagonist’s alienation and confusion. The introduction of The Catcher in the Rye is underpinned by disorder and confusion through a stream-of-consciousness narration, which digresses from one subject to another. Consequently, Holden’s multitudinous thoughts and feelings appear to lack a cohesive pattern. Additionally, Holden’s prevalentRead MoreAnalysis Of Salinger s The Catcher s The Rye 1052 Words   |  5 Pagessociety. In J.D Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, Salinger reveals his abomination for phoniness through Holden’s experience with the adult world. Phoniness creates a structured society where the connotations of success are deceptive. In addition, it sets standards and expectations for how individuals should act based on their social status. Furthermore, it interferes with one’s ho nesty by abolishing their authenticity and sincerity. In The Catcher in the Rye, Salinger suggests how the lack of authenticityRead MoreAnalysis Of Salinger s The Catcher s The Rye 2525 Words   |  11 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye (1951) by J.D Salinger is a book with a truly controversial history by being banned from bookstores, libraries, etc. during the time of its release and even now is very scarcely being brought back into the high school setting to be taught as part of the high school curriculum. While being confronted about reasons for being banned, protesters of this book give very vague arguments on why it should be banned such as â€Å"its a very filthy book,† or â€Å"its explicitly pornographic.†Read MoreMental Analysis on Holden Caulfield in J.D. Salinger ´s The Catcher in the Rye824 Words   |  4 Pagestraumatic stress disorders (Health Care Service Corporation) (The Numbers Count: Mental Disorders in America). J.D. Salinger’s novel, The C atcher in the Rye, provides the narrative of a young adult, Holden Caulfield, who I believe shows many symptoms of several different mental disorders. In this essay, I will be providing examples straight from The Catcher in the Rye that support my theory of Holden Caulfield’s lack of mental stability. Holden Caulfield demonstrates extreme and inconsistent behaviorsRead MoreTheme Of The Catcher In The Rye976 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger there are several different themes portrayed that widely relate to current issues of teenagers and adults alike. While reading the novel several different themes were revealed creating a deep and meaningful story line. Three themes viewed within the novel are; the phoniness of the adult world, alienation as a form of self-protection, and the painfulness of growing up. Each of these themes have large significance in character and plot developmentRead MoreAnalysis Of Characters And Themes Of The Catcher Rye 1537 Words   |  7 Pages Analysis of Characters and Themes in The Catcher in the Rye J.D. Salinger was born in 1919 to a wealthy Manhattan family. He grew up in the same social conditions as Holden Caulfield does in The Catcher in the Rye. The last thing Salinger cared about was being a successful student because he was very lazy, without care for his responsibilities and tasks. Salinger flunked out of many prep schools, and his parents sent him to a military academy named Valley Forge in Pennsylvania, where he graduatedRead MoreJ.b. Salinger s The Catcher s The Rye 1319 Words   |  6 PagesJ.D. Salinger’s Use of Symbolism in The Catcher in the Rye J.D. Salinger is well known for his works. His most famous being The Catcher in the Rye. Two other of his famous works include Nine stories and Franny and Zooey. J.D Salinger is also well known for his sense of humor that he includes inside of his books. The Catcher in the Rye has become an essential work to be studied in academic literature and its course of study. This book entails many uses of symbolism throughout theRead MoreCatcher in the Rye Word Choice795 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Word Choice in The Catcher in the Rye By Tom Condon Word choice is a crucial element in a well-crafted story. The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger is about a 16-year-old in New York in the 1950s named Holden Caulfield. The book is about his exploration in the world as he suffers from severe mental trauma from his point of view. J.D. Salinger uses word choice for realism, theme, and depth of character to make the story relate to the reader and add dimension. The Catcher in Rye contains many distinct

Ideologies Essay Example For Students

Ideologies Essay IdeologiesAn ideology is a set of ideas connected together that explain how government and society should be organized and what set of values the society should embrace. The concept of an ideology is a very slippery topic in that people range in the level or degree of their feelings. Ideologies are simplistic and not concerned about logic and consistency. This means that if they are either conservatives or liberal their ideas may vary slightly. Conservatives may have slight differences in the way they think about society. Their ideas are not clear cut or precise. Ideologies contain a view of human nature. In other words, they tell what people are like. There are not clear-cut answers to who is right with their ideas. They are people’s opinions. There are no right answers, but some seem to work better than others do. Nazism is an ideology where a dictator rules all and runs the country himself. The people who join the party believe that there needs to be a single person in charge of the government in order for the country to be run correctly. A communist thinks everybody should be the same. Everybody gets paid the same for doing different degrees of work. No matter how disgusted people may feel about their views, they are ideologies and they are practiced none the less. Liberals are very progressive and optimistic about people. They think that people are good when given a chance. They believe in lighter prison sentences for convicted criminals and blame crime on environmental factors like poverty. A big emphasis is on better education and job training for people who are being rehabilitated. Liberals think that all people can become â€Å"better† with rehabilitation and think prisons should emphasize on rehab. I believe that liberals would rather have freedom over order. Conservatives on the other hand have a more pessimistic outlook on people. They believe that there will always be crime and poverty so why not increase jail time. Conservatives would also like to see harsher penalties given to convicted felons. Forget about the rehabilitation and start paying for the crime that was done. Build more prisons and send more people to them. Conservatives would rather have order over rights. Public order is more important to uphold so that there are fewer crimes. With this you lose a little more freedom as well. In order to find out what our personal ideology was we took a small quiz with questions about different ideas. Once all of the questions were completed you had to add up the number of total points. That would give you a rough idea of what you believed in. Many of the questions had to do with human nature or at least aspects of human nature. Myself looking at the world sort of pessimistically was considered to be more conservative than liberal. The only problem with my results was that some of the questions did not pertain to me. Also I did not understand a few of them. Some of the questions I answered could have gone either way so there is a thin line in between being a liberal and conservative. Political Issues

Lodz Ghetto Essay Research Paper LODZ GHETTOLodz free essay sample

Lodz Ghetto Essay, Research Paper LODZ GHETTO Lodz Ghetto, the 2nd largest ghetto in Europe, and was frequently referred to as the gargetto. It was considered the cardinal ghetto in the Wartheland, Poland country. Lodz was alone in one facet. The Jews of the Lodz Ghetto were # 8220 ; privilaged # 8221 ; to see the Judaic state crumble before them. From Lodz they found out approximately many of their fellow Jews being killed in the concentration cantonments and others being killed right in thier ain places. They were one of the last ghettos still standing. The Jews were told that these studies were false, and they believed that at the terminal of the long train drives was a life of felicity. Before the German invasion, there was at least 25,000 Hebrews in Lodz Ghetto. The remainder of the population was occupied by 90,000 Germans. This was the largest sum of Germans outside of Germany. The Jews of Lodz were the 1s who were responsible for the metropolis # 8217 ; s development. We will write a custom essay sample on Lodz Ghetto Essay Research Paper LODZ GHETTOLodz or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lodz was 2nd in size to Warsaw, the capital of Poland. Textile mills employed 1000s of workers and clothed much of Eastern Europe. Lodz had over 12 100 concerns. This is why the ghetto lasted for four old ages. The Germans needed the Jews # 8217 ; productiveness and hence didn # 8217 ; t destruct the Jews in it for awhile. On February 8th, 1940, the leader of the SS brigade in Lodz issued an order set uping the Ghetto. At that clip, there were about 200,000 Hebrews in Lodz. Between February 8th and April 30th all non-Jews life in Baluty, the country were the ghetto was to be established, were ordered to travel out while the Jews from other parts of Lodz were ordered to travel in. The Jews were non allowed to take anything in with them. The ghetto was closed and surrounded by a wall that was six pess high and over 10 stat mis long. 9 The lone foreigners who were permitted to come in and go out the ghetto were German guards and functionaries. The Jews of the ghetto knew small of the Nazis # 8217 ; program for them. They planned to travel about their day-to-day lives usually. The Germans realized that it would be really difficult to evacuate so many Hebrews at one time and so, they established the ghetto for the Jews of Lodz. The Germans made the Jews work for the German industry. Lodz # 8217 ; s Gettoverwaltung ( German disposal ) was the supreme foreman of all of the ghetto # 8217 ; s industrial export. It gave orders for work and was the lone group permitted to accept the finished merchandises of the ghetto. The Nazis agreed to this and so went right back to drawing Jews off the streets and so pulled them from their places. They killed them if they refused. The Nazis lied to the Jews and told them that they were being moved to better conditions, merely to subsequently kill them on decease Marches and in concentration cantonments. They offered a better life outside of the ghetto, on Polish farms or at work cantonments in Germany. They cut off the ghetto from the remainder of the universe. The Hebrews were separated under menace of decease. Even before the ghetto was set up, the Nazis made a demand for 25,000 people. But a group of the Lodz Jews were able to convey that figure down to 5,000. About a twelvemonth after the ghetto was sealed, the exiles truly began. Volunteering was tried, but failed. The German nazi so seized the 57 mentally sick people of the ghetto. Anyone who was outspoken about their positions would be the following 1 to be deported. When Jews began to be trasported into Lodz , the Germans demanded 1,00 Hebrews to be deported mundane to maintain the ghetto from going excessively # 8220 ; overcrowded # 8221 ; . The Jews of the ghetto tried to maintain ther cool. There were Orthodox Jews who would non eat non-kosher nutrient. Hundreds of people kept concealed wirelesss and passed intelligence along even if it was normally met with death.It was through these wirelesss that they heard of the mass executings of the Jews of Cracow, Lublin and Warsaw. They heard of the exiles of their households who lived in other metropoliss and who were killed in Kolo, Chelmno and other topographic points. They listened to these wireless brodcasts all the clip in hopes of bing set free. Right before the ghetto was to be liquidated, a treasonist led the Gestapo to the secret wirelesss. One of the proprietors of a wireless, Nathan Widavsky, who was portion of the Zionist resistance, committed self-destruction by painful toxic condition. He was afraid that he might choke under the force per unit area of the Nazis and uncover the names of other wireless proprietors. The Jews did non believe the narratives that they were told. They believed that the Germans would trim Lodz and its inhabitants-otherwise why would the Germans be pouring Jews into Lodz? In the autumn of 1941, approximately 18 thousand Jews arrived in Lodz from nearby towns. In April 1942, the concluding exiles began. First the unemployed and hapless were ordered to subscribe up for # 8220 ; work # 8221 ; , and they did non recognize that they were subscribing for death.. Germans enterd the ghetto and grabbed all of the aged, immature and weak who hadn # 8217 ; T complied with the order.Those concluding hebdomads, 15,000 people were deported. The population of the ghetto had dropped to about 70,000. The war was non traveling good for the Germans. They were being beaten by the Allies and the Russians on both foreparts. The order so came to neutralize the balance of the Jews and destruct the ghetto. Trains left the Lodz railway station with the staying 76, 701 ( an exact figure ) Jews of the Lodz ghetto headed for extinction cantonments, largely for Auschwitz as the Russian military personnel advanced. The bulk of the Hebrews were killed immediately as they entered the cantonment. A few 100 work forces were left to fire the ghetto and gather the staying valuables for the Germans. Another few hundred people managed to conceal themselves belowground. The Russian ground forces marched in as the Germans fled. Most of those in concealing ran out of their concealment musca volitanss and greeted the Russians with smilings. For most it was the first clip they smiled in about 4 old ages. About 10,000 Hebrews survived the Lodz Ghetto. Some had the good luck to be sent to work cantonments. The remainder were sent to Auschwitz. More Hebrews survived from the Lodz Ghetto than from any other ghetto.The figure of people that were lost, though, is incredible. Over 60,000 were killed. It reminds me of the film ? Shindler? s List? , in which Oskar Shindler is found shouting near the terminal about how he wishes he could hold saved? merely one more Jew? . The Nazis Final Solution didn? T truly work out. The Jews outsmarted them by their will and finding. The Lodz Ghetto was where the Jews showed their strength. The thing that chiefly upset me is that the Germans killed every bit many Jews as they could when they found out they were non traveling to win the war. That shows their true ego, the coward. What we need to make is be careful who we trust, to prevent an atrosity like this from go oning once more.

What to Do When Youre Accepted to Grad School

What to Do When You're Accepted to Grad School You eagerly rip open the envelope: ACCEPTED! Success! Youve worked long and hard to obtain a range of necessary experiences, including a high GPA, research and practical experiences, and good relationships with faculty. You successfully navigated the application process, which is no easy feat. Regardless, many applicants feel both elated and puzzled after receiving word of their acceptance to graduate school. Elation is obvious but confusion is also common, as students wonder about their next steps. So what should you do after learning that you are accepted to graduate school? Get Excited First, take the time to enjoy this fantastic moment. Experience excitement and emotions as you see fit. Some students cry, others laugh, some jump up and down, and others dance. After spending the last year or more focused on the future, enjoy the moment. Happiness is a normal and expected response to being accepted and choosing a graduate program. However many students are surprised that they also feel antsy and even a little sad. Unsettling feelings are common and are usually an expression of emotional exhaustion after the stress of waiting for an extended period of time. Survey the Terrain Get your bearings. How many applications did you submit? Is this your first acceptance letter? It may be tempting to accept an offer immediately but if you have applied to other graduate programs, wait. Even if you are not waiting to hear about other applications, do not immediately accept the offer. Carefully consider the offer and the program before accepting or declining an offer of admission. Never Hold on Two or More Offers If you are fortunate, this admissions offer is not your first. Some applicants prefer to hold on to all admissions offers and make a decision once they have heard from all graduate programs. I advise against holding onto multiple offers for at least two reasons. First, choosing among graduate programs is challenging. Deciding among three or more offers of admission, considering all of the pros and cons, is overwhelming and can impair decision-making. Second, and more importantly, holding onto an offer of admission that you do not intend to accept prevents wait-listed applicants from gaining admission. Clarify Details As you consider offers, examine the specifics. Are you going for a masters or doctorate? Have you been offered financial aid? A teaching position or research assistantship? Do you have enough financial aid, loans, and cash to afford graduate study? If you have two offers, one with aid and one without, you might explain this to your contact in admissions and hope for a better offer. At any rate, be sure you know what you are accepting (or declining). Make a Decision In many cases, decision-making entails choosing among two graduate programs. What factors do you consider? Consider funding, academics, reputation, and your gut intuition. Also consider your personal life, your own desires, and your quality of life. Dont just look within. Talk to other people. Close friends and family know you well and can offer a fresh perspective. Professors can discuss the decision from an academic and career development perspective. Ultimately, the decision is yours. Weigh the pros and cons. Once you have reached a decision, dont look back. Graduate Programs Once you have made a decision, do not hesitate to inform graduate programs. This is especially true of the program whose offer you are declining. Once they receive word that you are declining their offer of admission, they are free to inform applicants on the wait list of their admittance. How do you accept and decline offers? Email is an entirely appropriate means of communicating your decision. If you accept and decline offers of admission by email, remember to be professional. Use proper forms of address and a polite, formal writing style thanking the admissions committee. Then either accept or decline the offer of admission. Celebrate Now that the work of evaluating, decision making, and informing graduate programs is done, celebrate. The waiting period is done. The difficult decisions are over. You know what you will be doing next year. Enjoy your success.

Analyse how organisational culture creates complexity of management Essay

Analyse how organisational culture creates complexity of management - Essay Example If management teams follow guidelines of ethical behaviour, social learning theory indicates that subordinates and co-managers in the organisation will role model these behaviours so long as there is reiteration of mission and vision and establishing an environment where ethics and moral business practices are iterated repeatedly by senior executive leadership. Therefore, establishment of an effective and moral organisational culture requires significant investment on behalf of management to appeal to sociological and psychological needs and values of employees. Fairholm (2009) identifies that in order to build a positive culture, a manager must be visionary, charismatic, and inspirational to gain followership and dedication to organisational vision or mission. The psycho-social dimensions of human behaviour are what make investigation into the Barclay’s Libor Scandal so relevant when attempting to understand how culture creates complexity of management. Barclay’s was a participant in fraudulently inflating their Libor rates in order to create the perception of better creditworthiness and to make Barclay’s appear more financially stable than the bank actually was (New 2012). These actions were designed to entice shareholder investment and ensure more profitable sales of various derivatives that were, in actuality, over-valued. If senior leadership at the organisation had developed a culture of ethics dedicated to sustaining moral business practices, manipulation of the Libor interest rate would not have occurred. The purpose of this research into the Libor Scandal is to determine how culture played a role in creating a negative reputation for Barclay’s in a variety of profitable investment markets. The research examines Barclay’s senior management team involvement in the scandal and their failures in creating an organisational culture that would have prevented public outcry and legislative investigations into Barclay’s ethical business practices. The scope of the research is an investigation into what potentially drives a need for development of an organisational culture through analysis of secondary research literature describing cultural importance and the factors that could have potentially driven Barclay’s management to dismiss ethical business practices in favour of profit gain. Research identifies that culture creates management complexity with the demands placed on managers to exceed their role of structured manager to that of a human resources-focused leader that understands transformational leadership imperatives and role modelling behaviours to gain followership and dedication to meet corporate goals. Complexity at Barclay’s Starnes, Truhon and McCarthy (2010) identifies that authentic relationships can only be developed over time, starting with a series of reciprocal acts between organisational actors that, over time, leads to trust and respect. Barclay’s maintains a subordinate population and middle management population that has a high turnover rate in which long-term, effective relationships are difficult to develop as employees and managers defect to other financial institutions for better career development. A highly centralised organisation, Barclay’s leaders utilise an autocratic management style in which policy-makers are bureaucratic and executives dictate both policy and punishments for non-compliance to

Futures market investing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Futures market investing - Essay Example ed in the prices of grain to fall and therefore the dealers started selling the contracts as To Arrive contracts, that consisted of the delivery of the grain at a future date on a price specified already on the agreed contract. This got them buyers and reduced their risk and this is how futures market started gaining its roots in the commodities market. The futures market is usually defined as the auction market in which the participants of the market are involved in the transactions of buying and selling the commodities or the future contracts on the terms of the delivery dates in future with the present level agreed prices by both the parties (Valdez 35). Futures market and trading in this area is usually considered to be having a high level of risk involved with it and many speculation aspects are involved in this element. Investing in the futures market are considered as gambling by many investors as the market are unpredictable and anything can be expected for the future. Unpredictable market situations can be both positive and negative for the contractor but usually futures market tends to decrease the level of risk as at times prices are negotiated at an early stage (Sullivan and Sheffrin 76). Along with the element of risk that is involved in the futures market it is also an irony that the futures market can be used a tool for minimizing the level of risk. For this, there needs to be carried out proper planning and research, analysis needs to be made by looking at the facts and figures and the history, and then finally the money then should be managed accordingly. This way of using the future market tool can prove to be highly profitable. When the previous history and future prospects are analysed then it becomes easier for the investor to invest in the futures market for gaining substantial level of returns (Sullivan and Sheffrin 98). There are many reasons present for considering investment in the futures market by individuals and corporations. There